He is Chairman of DFC Associates, LLC, a consultancy firm and President of Acción por la República, the political party he created in Argentina in 1977. He is also a Member of the Group of Thirty. In Argentina he was Minister of Economy (1991-1996 and 2001) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1989-1991). He was elected National Congressman in two opportunities (1987-1991 and1997-2001). He also served as Chairman of the Central Bank of Argentina in 1982. He was Professor of Economics in the National University of Córdoba, Visiting Professor of Economics at the Stern Business School at NYU, and Robert F. Kennedy Visiting professor of Latin American Studies at Harvard University

He has received honorary doctorates from the University of Bologne, the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, the University of Turin, the Ben Gurion University and the Genoa University. He is also Correspondent Member of the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of Spain. Mr. Cavallo is the author of several books, including Economía en Tiempos de Crisis, La Argentina Que Pudo Ser, El Desafio Federal, El Peso de la Verdad , Pasión por Crear and Estanflación. Mr. Cavallo holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University and a doctorate in Economics from Cordoba National University.